International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences
IJEMS (International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences) [e-ISSN : 3046-9279, p-ISSN : 3048-0965] is an open access Journal published by the AREAI (Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia). IJEMS accepts manuscripts based on empirical research results, new scientific literature review, and comments/ criticism of scientific papers published by IJEMS. This journal is a means of publication and a place to share research and development work in the field of Economics and Management Sciences. Articles published in IJEMS are processed fully online. Submitted articles will go through peer review by a qualified international Reviewers. Complete information for article submission and other instructions are available in each issue. IJEMS publishes 4 (four) issues a year in February, May, August and November, however articles that have been declared accepted will be queued in the In-Press issue before published in the determined time. Call For Articles & Reviewers: International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences published by Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia, in collaboration with universities and supported by the Asosiasi Pengelola Jurnal Indonesia. Indexed by: Journal Sponsors and Partners :
Asosiasi Riset Ekonomi dan Akuntansi Indonesia
The Role of Brand Awareness in the Influence of Digital Marketing Strategy and Brand Image on Consumer Purchasing Decisions at Moringa Coffee and Eatery
This study analyzes the influence of Digital Marketing Strategy and Brand Image on consumer purchasing decisions and tests the role of Brand Awareness as a moderating variable at Moringa Coffee and Eatery. Data collection was conducted using a Likert scale questionnaire and processed using SmartPLS 4.0 with a quantitative PLS method approach. The results show that Digital Marketing Strategy and Brand Image have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. However, Brand Awareness does not act as a moderating variable because it does not strengthen the relationship between the two on Purchase Decisions. These findings emphasize the importance of optimizing digital marketing strategies and strengthening brand image, as well as the need to increase brand awareness in order to support the effectiveness of marketing strategies. Furthermore, the study highlights that consumers tend to make purchasing decisions based on the perceived value and credibility presented through digital platforms, making consistent online engagement crucial. Improving brand awareness may require more targeted promotional activities, interactive content, and customer involvement to build a stronger emotional connection with the brand. Overall, these results provide valuable insights for managers aiming to enhance competitiveness and customer loyalty in the digital marketplace.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The Effect of CEO Power and Board Gender Diversity on Modern Slavery Disclosure in Indonesia
This research aims to analyze the effect of CEO power and board gender diversity on modern slavery disclosure (MSD) among Indonesia’s top 50 publicly listed companies by market capitalization. The research uses a quantitative approach with secondary data collected from annual and sustainability reports during the 2022–2024 period. The results show that CEO power has a negative and significant effect on MSD, indicating that stronger CEO power will reduce disclosure transparency. Furthermore, gender diversity on the board of commissioners also shows a negative and significant relationship with MSD, indicating that female representation in supervisory roles has not yet contributed into greater social accountability within Indonesian firms. Meanwhile, gender diversity on the board of directors shows no significant effect. These results suggest that internal governance factors such as CEO power and limited female influence in top positions still hinder companies from being transparent about social and ethical issues. In conclusion, stronger regulations and independent oversight are needed to improve companies’ transparency regarding modern slavery practices.
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Mediating the Influence of Business Risk Perception and Entrepreneurial Knowledge on Digital Entrepreneurship Intention
This study analyzes the role of emotional intelligence in mediating the influence of business risk perception and entrepreneurial knowledge on digital entrepreneurship intention. Using PLS-SEM, the results show that business risk perception and entrepreneurial knowledge significantly influence emotional intelligence, and that risk perception and emotional intelligence significantly influence digital entrepreneurship intention. However, entrepreneurial knowledge does not directly influence digital entrepreneurial intention, and emotional intelligence does not mediate these two relationships. These findings confirm that digital entrepreneurial intention is more influenced by risk perception and emotional ability than by entrepreneurial knowledge alone.
Fiscal Decentralization Revisited: Rethinking Local Tax Performance and Fiscal Autonomy for Fiscal Resilience
Changes in intergovernmental fiscal transfer policies and the increasing emphasis on spending efficiency in Indonesia have encouraged regional governments to strengthen fiscal independence through the optimization of locally generated revenues, particularly local taxes. This study aims to evaluate local tax performance as a strategic instrument for supporting regional fiscal autonomy and fiscal resilience under fiscal decentralization. The analysis focuses on regional governments in Lampung Province during Fiscal Years 2019–2023. Using a descriptive quantitative research design, this study employs secondary data obtained from audited regional financial reports. The analytical framework applies a value for money approach to assess local tax effectiveness, complemented by growth ratio analysis to examine revenue dynamics over time. The findings indicate that local tax performance varies considerably across regions, revenue growth remains volatile, and fiscal resilience is more likely to emerge in regions where effectiveness and growth are relatively balanced. Overall, the results suggest that strengthening fiscal autonomy requires not only achieving revenue targets but also ensuring stable and sustainable local tax performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Unemployment in Indonesia: The Impact of Minimum Wage, Exports, Foreign Direct Investment, and Human Development Index from 1990-2023
Unemployment is a socio-economic problem that can threaten the stability of the Indonesian economy. This study analyzes the effect of minimum wages, exports, foreign investment, and the human development index (HDI) on the unemployment raefrom 1990 to 2023. Using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple linear regression estimation method, to correct bias in the estimation, the Newey-West HAC standard errors approach is used. Minimum wages and foreign investment have a significant negative effect on the open unemployment rate, confirming that wage increases can boost productivity, foreign investment creates direct jobs through the construction of production facilities and economic multiplier effects in supporting sectors. The most surprising finding of the HDI which has a positive effect and exports which are proven to be insignificant on the unemployment rate, this shows that human capital formation is not in line with existing job opportunities due to rapid technological changes, as well as export-increasing policies which focus more on capital intensity. The study provides important implications for policymakers, maintaining and optimizing minimum wage increases and foreign investment in a measurable manner because they have proven effective in reducing unemployment rates. Reorienting export strategies policy from capital-intensive to labor-intensive, increasing the human development index adjusted to technological developments, especially in the business and industrial world.
Strategic Integration of Sustainable Accounting in Firms : A Case of East African Breweries Limited (EABL)
The East African Breweries Limited is one of the most notable beverage manufacturers in East Africa. This study aims to explore the company’s integration of sustainable accounting, especially given the paucity of information on how organizations incorporate the now popular environmental, social and governance (ESG) considerations. It is for this reason that this paper hopes to provide profound insight into the mater especially within the Kenyan corporate context. The author utilized a descriptive qualitative approach and used highly credible secondary sources, including sustainability reports, expert reviews, policy documents and recent scholarly materials. Thematic content analysis ensured the study identifies strategies used by companies currently, the most strategic integration frameworks and the impact of these mechanisms on stakeholder value and overall decision-making. Findings show that the organization has made significant inroads in implementing sustainability. Still, there are challenges that continue to face this process, including inadequate integration into the financial decision-making process and poor reporting. Undoubtedly, this paper valuable real-world recommendations for boosting integration of sustainability efforts into accounting and contributes to the current academic discourse on the significance of corporate sustainable accounting in East Africa.
Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Tax Avoidance, and the Moderating Role of CEO Overconfidence in Indonesia
This study examines the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure and tax avoidance, with CEO Overconfidence considered as a moderating factor. The research focuses on non-cyclical consumer goods companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2022-2024 period. Using annual and sustainability reports, the analysis employs multiple linear regression and moderated regression analysis (MRA). Robust standard errors based on the Newey-West method are applied to ensure reliable estimation. The results indicate that CSR disclosure does not have a significant direct effect on tax avoidance. However, CEO Overconfidence significantly moderates the relationship between CSR disclosure and tax avoidance, highlighting the role of executive behavioral characteristics in corporate tax decisions. These findings suggest that CSR disclosure alone is insufficient to explain firms’ tax avoidance behavior without considering managerial traits. The study contributes to the literature by integrating behavioral perspectives into tax avoidance research and emphasizing the importance of executive oversight in aligning CSR practices with responsible tax behavior.
The Effect of Gender Diversity on Board of Commissioners and Directors to Firm Performance: the Moderating Role of ESG Performance in Indonesian Listed Companies From 2021-2023
This study investigates the interconnected roles of board gender diversity and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance on firm performance within Indonesia's distinctive two-tier corporate governance system. Utilizing a panel dataset of 80 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023 and employing a fixed-effects regression model, the analysis measures gender diversity on both the Board of Commissioners (BOC) and Board of Directors (BOD) using the Blau Index, with firm performance proxied by Tobin's Q and ESG performance sourced from Refinitiv Eikon scores. The empirical results reveal that gender diversity on both the BOC and BOD does not have a statistically significant effect on firm performance, failing to support agency, upper echelons, and gender socialization theories. Furthermore, ESG performance demonstrates a significant negative direct effect aligning with the trade-off perspective that current implementation costs outweigh benefits. Crucially, the analysis finds that ESG does not moderate the board diversity-performance relationship, as both interaction terms are statistically insignificant. These findings collectively indicate that the potential governance and strategic advantages of board gender diversity are not being realized in the Indonesian context. The study concludes that this is attributable to several structural barriers, including tokenistic board appointments, the early-stage and often symbolic nature of ESG adoption focused on compliance rather than integration, and a weak institutional environment characterized by voluntary frameworks and socio-cultural constraints that limit the substantive influence of women in governance roles.
Partner Farmers’ Perceptions of the Presence of the Palm Oil Company PT Tani Prima Makmur in Anggaberi District, Southeast Sulawesi Province
The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of Plasma Farmers/Partners on the Existence of PT. Tani Prima Makmur Oil Palm Plantation, Andabia Village, Anggaberi District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The number of samples in the study was 54 respondents of partner/plasma farmers. There are two types of data in general, namely quantitative data and qualitative data. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis method in this study is qualitative descriptive analysis, with a qualitative analysis model. With a Likert scale, the measured variables are described into variable indicators. Then the indicators are used as a starting point for compiling instrument items that can be in the form of questions or statements. The answers to each instrument item using a Likert scale have positive questions and negative questions. Based on the results of the analysis, it appears that public perception regarding the economic impact of PT Tani Prima Makmur's activities is assessed as a total score of 574, indicating that the existence of oil palm plantations has a positive impact on improving the economy of partner/plasma farmers. The overall social impact has a total score of 416, which means that the presence of oil palm plantations is perceived to have a negative impact on the social community of partner/plasma farmers.
The Impact of Profitability, Institutional Ownership, and Managerial Ownership on Dividend Payout in Indonesian Energy Sector
This study investigates the determinants of dividend payout policy in energy sector firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2020–2024 period. Dividend policy is a critical issue in emerging markets, especially in capital-intensive industries with high investment needs and earnings volatility. The research examines whether profitability and ownership structure—specifically institutional and managerial ownership—significantly influence dividend payout decisions, considering firm characteristics. The study analyzes the effect of profitability, institutional ownership, and managerial ownership on the dividend payout ratio, while controlling for firm size and leverage. A quantitative approach is used, employing pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) regression on 245 firm-year observations. Dividend payout ratio is measured as dividend per share divided by earnings per share, profitability is proxied by return on equity, and ownership variables are expressed as shareholding proportions. Descriptive analysis and classical assumption tests precede hypothesis testing. The results show that profitability positively and significantly affects dividend payout, suggesting that firms with better financial performance tend to distribute higher dividends. Firm size also positively influences dividend policy, while leverage negatively impacts it, reflecting the role of financial capacity and capital structure. However, institutional and managerial ownership do not show significant effects on dividend payout decisions. The findings indicate that dividend policy in Indonesian energy firms is primarily driven by financial performance and structural characteristics rather than ownership-based governance mechanisms. This study offers sector-specific evidence that refines agency and signaling perspectives on dividend policy in emerging markets, with practical implications for managers, investors, and regulators.
The Effect of ESG Ratings on Firm Performance with ESG Rating Disagreement as The Moderating Variable
This study examines the effect of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) ratings on firm performance and the moderating role of ESG rating disagreement within the Indonesian capital market. Using a panel dataset of 63 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2021 to 2023 and employing a fixed-effects regression model, the analysis measures firm performance with Tobin’s Q, ESG ratings from Refinitiv Eikon, and ESG rating disagreement as the standard deviation between Refinitiv and Bloomberg scores. The empirical results indicate that ESG ratings do not have a statis-tically significant effect on firm performance, and ESG rating disagreement does not significantly moderate this relationship. These findings suggest that ESG-related information has not yet been fully internalized into firm valuation in Indonesia, with current ESG practices perceived as largely symbolic rather than substantively integrated into corporate strategy. The study concludes that both ESG ratings and rating disagreement fail to serve as effective mechanisms for enhancing firm performance in the Indonesian context, reflecting the early-stage development and compliance-driven nature of ESG adoption in emerging markets.
The Impact of Online Reviews and Social Media on Brand Loyalty: Evidence from MS Glow Skincare Consumers in Batam City
This study aims to examine the influence of online reviews and the role of social media on brand loyalty toward MS Glow skincare products in Batam City. The population of this research consists of consumers in Batam City who have purchased and used MS Glow skincare products and have been exposed to online reviews and social media content related to the brand. A total of 204 respondents were selected using the Jacob Cohen sampling approach. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. The analysis process included data quality testing, classical assumption tests, effect analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that online reviews contribute 33.7% to brand loyalty, while the role of social media contributes 66.9%. Furthermore, the coefficient of determination (R²) reveals that online reviews and social media collectively explain approximately 58.1% of the variance in brand loyalty. The findings from the t-test and F-test demonstrate that both online reviews and social media have a positive and statistically significant effect on brand loyalty, both individually and simultaneously, toward MS Glow skincare products in Batam City.
The Impact of Good Corporate Governance and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Disclosure on Tax Avoidance Practice: Empirical
This research aims to investigate the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) which are measured by 3 indicators; institutional ownership, managerial ownership, board indeoendence, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure on Tax Avoidance in Multinational Companies on Indonesia. The study used multiple linear regression with periods start from 2022 until 2024. The sample of this study is a multinational companies in Indonesia with the total of 47 samples for 3 years, the criteria of the company can be said multinational companies is if the companies had a entities in more than one country. Tax avoidance is measured using the Cash Effective Tax Rate (CETR), while GCG variables and CSR disclosure are measured based on relevant ownership structures, board composition, and the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index. The result shows that Institutional ownership had a significantly negative effect of tax avoidance, while the other three independent variables had no significant power in Tax Avoidance. This study concludes that tax avoidance in multinational companies is a complex phenomenon influenced by various internal and external factors beyond the scope of this research. The findings provide practical implications for regulators and investors and suggest that future research should consider additional variables, longer observation periods, and alternative tax avoidance proxies.
Determining the Performance of Sea Tolls in Indonesia : Analysis of Port Infrastructure, Logistics Connectivity, and Fleet Capacity
This study aims to analyze the influence of port infrastructure, logistics connectivity, and fleet capacity on the performance of sea tolls in Indonesia. The approach used in this literature review study is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used is a literature study or review of relevant previous articles published between 2021 and 2026. The technique used in this literature review is comparative analysis. The data used in this descriptive qualitative approach came from previous studies relevant to this study and sourced from academic online media such as Thomson Reuters Journal, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus Q2-Q4 Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta 2-5 Journal, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books. The results of the study show that: 1) Port infrastructure affects sea toll performance; 2) Logistics connectivity affects sea toll performance; 3) Fleet capacity affects sea toll performance.
The Effect of Motivation and Career Development on Nurses' Performance Through Nurses' Job Satisfaction at Pertamina Balikpapan Hospital
This study aims to analyze the effects of work motivation and career development on nurses’ performance through job satisfaction among nurses at Pertamina Balikpapan Hospital. Nurses’ performance is a key determinant of service quality and patient safety because nurses interact most intensively with patients and ensure continuity of nursing care. However, prior studies on the relationships among motivation, career development, job satisfaction, and performance have reported mixed findings. Therefore, further examination is needed by incorporating job satisfaction as a mediating variable to explain the mechanism of influence more comprehensively. This research employed an explanatory design with a quantitative approach. Primary data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire distributed to 165 permanent nurses selected through purposive sampling from a population of 292 nurses. Data were analyzed using variance-based SEM with SmartPLS 4, including outer model evaluation (convergent and discriminant validity) and construct reliability, as well as inner model assessment through the coefficient of determination, effect size, and hypothesis testing using bootstrapping. The results indicate that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, and career development also has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on nurses’ performance. In addition, work motivation and career development have positive and significant direct effects on nurses’ performance. Indirect effect testing confirms that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between work motivation and nurses’ performance and also mediates the relationship between career development and nurses’ performance. These findings emphasize that hospitals should strengthen strategies to enhance motivation and career development in a targeted manner while ensuring key sources of job satisfaction so that nurses’ performance improves sustainably.
Effectiveness of Human Capital Development Programs in Indonesia 2015-2024
This research evaluates the effectiveness of human capital development policies in Indonesia within the education and health sectors during the periods of 2015–2019 and 2020–2024. The analysis focuses on strategic programs implemented by the Ministry of Education and Culture and the Ministry of Health by comparing planned targets with the realization of performance indicators as stated in the Strategic Plan (Renstra) documents. The study employs a qualitative evaluative approach supported by descriptive quantitative data derived from official planning and performance reports. The findings indicate that during the 2015–2019 period, programs emphasizing the expansion of basic education and health services were relatively effective in increasing participation rates and improving equitable access. In contrast, programs aimed at enhancing the quality of human resources, particularly teacher development and institutional capacity building, showed lower levels of effectiveness due to weak performance measurement systems and inconsistent data reporting. During the 2020–2024 period, the effectiveness of most education and health programs declined significantly as a result of external shocks caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, health programs with strong financial protection mechanisms, such as the National Health Insurance (JKN), demonstrated greater resilience compared to other programs. The study concludes that the effectiveness of human capital development policies is strongly influenced by the clarity of performance indicators, consistency in program implementation, institutional capacity, and the ability of policies to adapt to external disruptions.
The Effect of Interest Rates, Exchange Rates, and Coffee Production on Coffee Export Value in South Sulawesi
This study aims to analyze the influence of interest rates, exchange rates, and coffee production on the value of coffee exports in South Sulawesi. The background of this study is based on the condition of South Sulawesi coffee exports which have experienced significant fluctuations in recent years despite coffee production tending to increase. This study uses a quantitative approach with time series data for the period 2009-2023 sourced from the World Bank, International Monetary Fund and the Directorate General of Plantations, the Food Crops, Horticulture and Plantation Service of South Sulawesi Province. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression through the EViews 12 application with the classical assumption test as a model prerequisite. The results show that partially interest rates have a significant effect on coffee exports, while exchange rates and coffee production do not have a significant effect. Simultaneously, the three independent variables do not have a significant effect on the value of coffee exports. This finding indicates that external factors, especially interest rates, are more dominant in determining the performance of South Sulawesi coffee exports than internal factors of production and exchange rates.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Exports in 5 ASEAN Countries Using a Moderation Approach
This study investigates the factors influencing export performance in five ASEAN countries Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand during the 2014-2023 period. The topic is highly relevant given the vital role of exports in sustaining monetary stability and promoting long-term economic growth. The novelty of this research lies in its integrated approach, which simultaneously examines key export-related macroeconomic variables, namely foreign direct investment and inflation, while incorporating foreign exchange reserves as a moderating variable an approach that remains limited in existing ASEAN-focused studies. This analysis uses secondary data obtained from the World Bank and processed using panel data regression methods, including the Common Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, and Random Effect Model, strengthened by a Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) approach. The results show that foreign direct investment and inflation significantly influence foreign exchange reserves. Furthermore, foreign exchange reserves have been shown to play a strategic role in strengthening the economic resilience of ASEAN countries and can be used as a reference in formulating monetary and international trade policies.
Determination of Maritime Safety in Indonesia: Analysis of Maritime Competence, Maritime Safety Management and Maritime Regulation
This study aims to analyze the influence of maritime competence, maritime safety management, and maritime regulations on maritime safety in Indonesia. The approach used in this literature review is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques include literature studies or reviews of relevant previous articles published between 2021 and 2026. The technique used in this literature review is Comparative Analysis. The data used in this descriptive qualitative approach comes from previous research relevant to this study and is sourced from academic online media such as Thomson Reuters Journal, Springer, Taylor & Francis, Scopus Q2-Q4 Emerald, Elsevier, Sage, Web of Science, Sinta Journal 2-5, DOAJ, EBSCO, Google Scholar, Copernicus, and digital reference books. The results of the study indicate that: 1) Maritime competence influences maritime safety in Indonesia; 2) Maritime safety management influences maritime safety in Indonesia; and 3) Maritime regulations influence maritime safety in Indonesia. The study concludes that a combined approach to enhancing maritime competence, management practices, and regulatory frameworks is critical in improving maritime safety in the region.
The Effect of ESG Score on Financial Performance Mediated by SDG Disclosures in Indonesian Listed Companies 2021-2023
This study examines the mediating role of SDG disclosure in the relationship between ESG score and financial performance within the mandatory reporting context of non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2021-2023. Using a purposive sample of 59 companies (177 observations), the analysis employs panel data regression and the Sobel test to evaluate ESG metrics from Refinitiv Eikon alongside disclosure and financial data from corporate reports. Empirical results show that ESG score does not significantly predict SDG disclosure nor directly affect financial performance measured by ROE. Furthermore, SDG disclosure shows no significant association with financial performance and fails to mediate the ESG-ROE relationship. Firm size is the only variable positively related to SDG disclosure, suggesting that reporting practices are more strongly driven by organizational resources and public visibility than by substantive ESG performance. Overall, the findings reveal a decoupling phenomenon, where sustainability reporting in Indonesia tends to reflect symbolic compliance rather than value-creating integration. The study concludes that a credibility gap exists in the capital market, as SDG disclosure has not yet functioned as an effective mechanism for converting ESG performance into financial gains. This study provides evidence on the limitations of SDG disclosure as a value transmission mechanism in emerging market, offering insights for regulators and market participants seeking to enhance the economic relevance and credibility of SDG reporting.
Marketplace-Driven Internationalization and MSME Product Development
This study aims to analyze the role of marketplace in encouraging digital internationalization and product development at PT Bungas Food Nusantara. The research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data was obtained through in-depth interviews with company management, observation of activities on the marketplace platform, and supporting documentation. The results of the study show that marketplaces function not only as digital distribution channels, but also as strategic infrastructure that allows companies to reach international markets without conventional export mechanisms. Internationalization occurs gradually through increased demand from overseas consumers facilitated by the platform's algorithmic system and global visibility. In addition, the marketplace's reviews, ratings, and analytics features are used as the basis for product development, including packaging adjustments, variant innovation, and data-driven promotional strategies. These findings show that marketplaces play a role as a catalyst for internationalization as well as a driver of product innovation in the context of the digital economy.
The Influence of Digital Marketing and E-WOM on Patient Visit Intention with Brand Awareness as an Intervening
The development of Digital Marketing and Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) has encouraged hospitals to adopt digital communication strategies to attract patients’ visit intentions. However, in public hospitals, the effectiveness of these strategies in influencing patient behavior still requires empirical validation. This study aims to analyze the influence of Digital Marketing and eWOM on patient visit intention, with Brand Awareness as an intervening variable at RSUD Cengkareng.This research employed a quantitative approach with an explanatory design. Data were collected from November to December 2025 from 100 general outpatient respondents selected using the Slovin formula and a simple random sampling technique. The data were gathered through structured questionnaires and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software.The results show that Digital Marketing and eWOM have a positive and significant effect on Brand Awareness. Both variables also significantly influence patient visit intention, with eWOM demonstrating the strongest effect. These findings indicate that information shared through digital platforms and patient recommendations plays an important role in shaping potential patients’ decisions to visit the hospital. However, Brand Awareness does not have a significant effect on patient visit intention and does not mediate the relationship between Digital Marketing, eWOM, and visit intention. This suggests that, in the context of RSUD Cengkareng as a public hospital, patients’ visit decisions are more directly influenced by digital information exposure and the credibility of online recommendations rather than by brand recognition alone.
The Influence of Self-Compassion and Mindfulness on Nurses’ Caring Behavior
Caring behavior is the core of high-quality nursing services. In practice, it is influenced by various psychological factors and work-related stress. Self-compassion and mindfulness are believed to help nurses maintain emotional balance in delivering empathetic and humane nursing care. This study aims to analyze the effect of self-compassion and mindfulness on nurses’ caring behavior, with work stress as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was used. Descriptive analysis employed the Three Box Method, while inferential analysis used SEM-PLS. The study population consisted of all nurses at Cilincing District General Hospital (N = 113), using total sampling. The results of the study indicate that the proposed model is considered fit (p = 0.133) and appropriate for testing the influence of self-compassion and mindfulness on caring behavior, with work stress as a mediating variable. Self-compassion has a significant positive effect on caring behavior (p = 0.000), while mindfulness does not have a direct effect (p = 0.891), but shows a significant indirect effect through the reduction of work stress (p = 0.044). Both self-compassion (p = 0.029) and mindfulness (p = 0.000) negatively affect work stress. Interestingly, work stress positively influences caring behavior (p = 0.030). To enhance the influence of self-compassion and mindfulness on caring behavior, hospitals should develop psychological intervention programs based on self-compassion and mindfulness to help nurses manage stress and strengthen caring practices. A systemic approach that considers organizational factors is also necessary to support the consistent implementation of caring behavior.
This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure, profitability, and firm size on firm value at PT Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Tbk during the period 2015–2024. The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from the company’s annual financial statements. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. Prior to hypothesis testing, classical assumption tests were conducted, including normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests. The results indicate that capital structure has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Meanwhile, profitability and firm size do not have a significant effect on firm value. Simultaneously, capital structure, profitability, and firm size do not significantly affect firm value. These findings indicate that the explanatory power of the regression model is limited, which may be influenced by the relatively small sample size and the presence of other factors outside the research model that affect firm value.
Strong Adaptive Culture and Employee Compliance for Successful ISO 31000:2018 Risk Management Implementation
Healthcare organizations are increasingly required to preserve the sustainability of their institutional values by ensuring high-quality services, operational efficiency, and rigorous adherence to risk governance frameworks. RSUD dr. Chasbullah Abdulmadjid Bekasi City continues to face considerable challenges in this regard, particularly due to the limited internalization of core organizational values, disparities in the cultivation of an adaptive culture, and inconsistent employee compliance with established risk management procedures. These issues highlight the necessity for a leadership paradigm grounded in service, empathy, and empowerment.This study investigates the extent to which servant leadership influences the creation and protection of corporate values, while examining the mediating roles of strong adaptive culture and employee compliance doing the implementation of risk management. Employing a quantitative explanatory survey design, the research collected responses from 153 hospital employees, and data were analyzed through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to evaluate both direct and mediated causal pathways among variables.The findings reveal that servant leadership significantly strengthens creation and protection of corporate values, not only through direct influence but also by enhancing cultural adaptability and reinforcing compliant behavior in risk-related practices. Leaders who embody service-oriented principles are shown to cultivate work environments that foster mutual trust, organizational learning, and value-based decision-making.This study contributes meaningful empirical evidence to the discourse on leadership, organizational culture, and compliance within public hospital settings. Institutional strategies should prioritize continuous leadership development and comprehensive risk governance training to secure long-term performance excellence and reputational resilience.
Doctor Availability and Cost Bearer Influencing Patient Loyalty Mediated by Patient Experience
Patient loyalty is an important indicator of success in healthcare services because it reflects patients’ tendency to reuse healthcare services and recommend them to others. Patient loyalty in healthcare facilities is influenced by various factors, including doctor availability, cost bearer systems, and patient experience during the service process. This study aims to analyze the effect of doctor availability and cost bearer on patient loyalty with patient experience as a mediating variable among patients at the Dental Clinic of Hermina Galaxy Hospital.This research used a quantitative approach with a survey design. Data were collected through questionnaires using a Likert scale from 150 patients at the Dental Clinic of Hermina Galaxy Hospital selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the assistance of AMOS software to examine both direct and indirect relationships among the research variables.The results showed that doctor availability and cost bearer have a positive and significant effect on patient experience. Patient experience was also found to have a positive and significant effect on patient loyalty. In addition, doctor availability and cost bearer have a direct influence on patient loyalty and an indirect influence through patient experience as a mediating variable.In conclusion, improving patient loyalty can be achieved by enhancing doctor availability, managing financing systems effectively, and creating positive patient experiences. Hospital management should optimize these factors to improve service quality and maintain patient loyalty
Analysis of Transformational Leadership, HPWS, and Per-ceived Organizational Support on Employee Engagement
Employee engagement is a critical factor in enhancing organizational performance, including in public sector organizations such as state-owned enterprises (BUMN). Low leadership inspiration, suboptimal work systems, and insufficient organizational support can reduce employee engagement levels. This study aims to analyze the influence of transformational leadership, high performance work system (HPWS), and perceived organizational support (POS) on employee engagement. A quantitative research method with a survey design was employed. Data were collected through valid and reliable questionnaires from the entire employee population, using proportional random sampling, resulting in a sample of 100 respondents. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationships. The results indicate that transformational leadership, HPWS, and POS have a positive and significant effect on employee engagement. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening transformational leadership, implementing high-performance work systems, and providing consistent organizational support to enhance employee engagement. Managerial recommendations include improving leadership quality, competency-based workforce planning, and developing reward systems along with a collaborative and appreciative work culture.
Implementation of Lean Hospital and Continuous Improvement in Reducing Outpatient Pharmacy Waiting Time
Prescription waiting time is a key indicator of pharmacy service quality that directly influences patient satisfaction and hospital efficiency. Data from the Outpatient Pharmacy Installation of Pelabuhan Jakarta Hospital show average waiting times of 30.49 minutes for non-compounded medications and 35.93 minutes for compounded medications. Although these figures are still within national standards, they have not met the hospital’s internal targets, indicating inefficiencies that require systematic improvement.This study aimed to analyze prescription waiting times and identify waste in outpatient pharmacy services using Lean Hospital and Continuous Improvement approaches. A qualitative analytical method with a case study design was applied. Data collection involved participatory observation, in-depth interviews with key informants (head of pharmacy, pharmacists, and technicians), and document review. Analysis utilized Lean tools such as Value Stream Mapping (VSM), identification of Value Added (VA) and Non-Value Added (NVA) activities, bottleneck analysis, fishbone diagram, and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA).The findings revealed that service processes were dominated by non-value-added activities, especially during prescription receipt, verification, packaging, and dispensing. Major wastes included waiting, motion, and overprocessing. Contributing factors were uneven staff distribution, suboptimal e-prescribing systems, incomplete prescriptions, and lack of standardized procedures. The proposed future state VSM demonstrated potential improvements in reducing waiting time and enhancing service efficiency.