The Profitability, Capital Intensity, and Leverage, Their Effect on Tax Avoidance

Authors

  • Ammara Fayyaz Prasetyo Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
  • Retno Indah Hernawati Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
  • Harun Harun James Cook University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/ijems.v1i1.1036

Keywords:

Capital Intensity, Financial Reports, Leverage, Profitability, Tax Avoidance

Abstract

Tax avoidance is an effort made by companies to reduce the amount of tax payable. The main source of state revenue is taxes, but tax avoidance that exploits legal loopholes to reduce the tax burden remains an issue on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2020 to 2024. This study aims to examine the effect of profitability, capital intensity, and leverage on tax avoidance. This study applies a quantitative research approach using secondary data obtained from annual financial reports published on the official website www.idx.co.id as well as from the respective company websites. The analytical method employed is multiple linear regression. The research population consists of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2024, with a final sample of 92 observations selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that profitability and capital intensity significantly influence tax avoidance, whereas leverage shows no significant effect on tax avoidance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Al Hasyim, A. A., Inayati, N. I., Kusbandiyah, A., & Pandansari, T. (2022). Pengaruh transfer pricing, kepemilikan asing, dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Pajak, 23(2), 1–12. http://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/jap

Ambarita, D., Ma’aruf, H., & Ibrahim, I. (2024). The effect of capital structure, tax planning and inflation on tax avoidance. Return: Study of Management, Economic and Business, 3(6), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.57096/return.v3i6.245

Apridinata, E., & Zulvia, D. (2023). Pengaruh profitabilitas dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap penghindaran pajak. 2(2).

Cahyamustika, M. A., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2024). Pengaruh profitabilitas, intensitas modal, dan intensitas persediaan terhadap penghindaran pajak. Jurnal GeoEkonomi, 15(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.36277/geoekonomi.v15i1.328

Hilmi, M. F., Amalia, S. N., Amry, Z., & Setiawati, S. (2022). Pengaruh dewan komisaris independen, komite audit, leverage dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2017. Owner, 6(4), 3533–3540. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i4.1178

Hossain, M. S., Ali, M. S., & Fung, C. C. L., & C. Y. (2024). Tax avoidance and tax evasion: Current insights and future research directions from an emerging economy. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 9(3), 275–292. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-09-2023-0305

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3. http://dspace.kottakkalfarookcollege.edu.in:8001/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/335/1-s2.0-0304405X7690026X-main.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, Akuntansi, dan Manajemen, 1(2), 35–38.

Khairani, A. N., Situngkir, A., Sibarani, P., & Safrida, E. (2025). Pengaruh profitability, liquidity, dan intensitas modal terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. 8(April), 38–48.

Khairunnisa, N. R., Simbolon, A. Y., & Eprianto, I. (2023). Pengaruh leverage, profitabilitas, good governance terhadap penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance). Jurnal Economina, 2(8), 2164–2177. https://doi.org/10.55681/economina.v2i8.726

Khasanah, K., & Afiqoh, N. W. (2023). Pengaruh likuiditas, leverage, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tax avoidance dengan komisaris independen sebagai variabel moderasi. RISTANSI: Riset Akuntansi, 3(2), 110–132. https://doi.org/10.32815/ristansi.v3i2.1159

Kurniawan, D. P., Lisetyati, E., & Setiyorini, W. (2021). Pengaruh leverage, corporate governance, dan intensitas modal terhadap agresivitas pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Perpajakan, 7(2), 144–158. http://jurnal.unmer.ac.id/index.php/ap

Lukito, P. C., & Oktaviani, R. M. (2022). Pengaruh fixed asset intensity, karakter eksekutif, dan leverage terhadap penghindaran pajak. Owner: Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(1), 202–211. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.532

Madia, E., Khaddafi, M., Yunina, & Arliansyah. (2023). Pengaruh konservatisme akuntansi, corporate governance (kepemilikan institusional dan komisaris independen) dan capital intensity terhadap penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance) pada perusahaan jasa non-keuangan yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2017-2021. Jurnal Akuntansi Malikussaleh (JAM), 2(1), 29–24. https://doi.org/10.29103/jam.v2i1.10594

Manuel, D., Sandi, S., Firmansyah, A., & Trisnawati, E. (2022). Manajemen laba, leverage dan penghindaran pajak: Peran moderasi tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan. Jurnal Pajak Indonesia (Indonesian Tax Review), 6(2S), 550–560. https://doi.org/10.31092/jpi.v6i2s.1832

Marsahala, Y. T., Arieftiara, D., & Lastiningsih, N. (2020). Profitability, capital intensity and tax avoidance in Indonesia: The effect of board of commissioners' competencies. Journal of Contemporary Accounting, 2(3), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.20885/jca.vol2.iss3.art2

Nafhilla, D. (2022). Pengaruh tax planning, profitabilitas, dan inventory intensity terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Literasi Akuntansi, 2(3), 186–191. https://doi.org/10.55587/jla.v2i3.68

Nagari, M. B., Rohayati, Y., Indah, D., & Kamil, I. (2024). Implementation of tax policy on acquisition of land and building rights in Bandung City. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(6), 6807–6818. https://doi.org/10.2991/icoposdev-17.2018.22

Nurtanto, D. R., & Wulandari, S. (2024). Pengaruh corporate social responsibility, leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap penghindaran pajak. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, Ekonomi, & Akuntansi (MEA), 8(1), 734–752. https://doi.org/10.31955/mea.v8i1.3723

Oktavia, R. Z., Ratnawati, V., & Badriyah, N. (2025). The effect of transfer pricing, capital intensity, and firm size on tax avoidance (Empirical study on mining sector companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2021-2023). 2(2), 187–200. https://doi.org/10.71141/30485037/V2I2P118

Oktaviani, R. M., Dewi, S. L., Wulandari, S., & Sunarto. (2023). Tax avoidance: Overview of companies in Indonesia. Jurnal Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 27(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.26905/jkdp.v27i1.9028

Prasetyana, P. S., & Cahyono, Y. T. (2024). Pengaruh penerapan good corporate governance, tax planning, dan profitabilitas terhadap tax avoidance (Studi empiris pada perusahaan sektor energi berdasarkan IDX-IC periode 2021-2023). 17(2). https://doi.org/10.46306/jbbe.v17i2

Putra, A. P., & Pratami, Y. (2024). Profitabilitas, leverage, ukuran perusahaan, kepemilikan institusional, dan dewan komisaris independen terhadap praktik penghindaran pajak. Journal of Islamic Finance and Accounting Research, 3(1), 01–18. https://doi.org/10.25299/jafar.2024.16531

Putri, F., & Sembiring, M. (2022). The effect of profitability, leverage, and company size on tax avoidance (Empirical study on basic and chemical industry companies listed on the IDX). Jurnal Ekonomi, 11(03), 814–822. http://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi

Putri, R. A., & Bhuana, K. W. (2025). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan corporate social responsibility terhadap tax avoidance. Journal of Economics and Business UBS, 14(3), 349–367. https://doi.org/10.52644/joeb.v14i3.2674

Rahma, A. A., Pratiwi, N., Mary, H., & Indriyenni, I. (2022). Pengaruh capital intensity, karakteristik perusahaan, dan CSR disclosure terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan manufaktur. Owner, 6(1), 677–689. https://doi.org/10.33395/owner.v6i1.637

Rahmad, A. D., & Mujiyati. (2024). Pengaruh leverage, capital intensity, komisaris independen, kepemilikan institusional, komite audit, dan thin capitalization terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Bina Akuntansi, 15(1), 37–48.

Rahmatul, S., Afrizal, A., & Erawati, M. (2023). Konservatisme akuntansi, struktur modal, intensitas aset tetap, dan transfer pricing, pengaruhnya terhadap tax avoidance. CURRENT: Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Terkini, 4(3), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.31258/current.4.3.599-610

Rahmawati, V., & Hernawati, R. I. (2025). Penghindaran pajak di Indonesia: Faktor profitabilitas, intensitas modal, dan intensitas persediaan. CURRENT: Jurnal Kajian Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Terkini, 6(1), 681–693. https://doi.org/10.31258/current.6.1.681-693

Rani, A. M., Mulyadi, & Darminto, D. P. (2021). Determinan penghindaran pajak dengan komisaris independen sebagai moderasi pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor industri barang konsumsi. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Perpajakan (JRAP), 8(02), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.35838/jrap.2021.008.02.21

Roslita, E., & Safitri, A. (2022). Pengaruh kinerja dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tindakan penghindaran pajak. ESENSI: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 25(2), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2018.v25.i03.p19

Rozan, N., Arieftiara, D., & Hindria, R. (2023). Struktur kepemilikan dan capital intensity terhadap penghindaran pajak. Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology, 6(1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.32500/jematech.v6i1.2088

Sari, A. F., & Pramiana, O. (2024). Pengaruh komisaris independen terhadap manajemen laba dengan tax avoidance sebagai variabel intervening pada perusahaan industri dasar dan kimia sub sektor kimia. 4(1), 15–30.

Sari, A. Y., & Kinasih, H. W. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap tax avoidance. Dinamika Akuntansi, Keuangan Dan Perbankan, 4(1), 1609–1617.

Selviana, D., & Fidiana. (2023). Pengaruh leverage, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi, 12(3), 1–15. http://journal.feb.unmul.ac.id/index.php/AKUNTABEL

Setiawan, R., & Junianto, Y. (2025). Perusahaan dan kualitas audit eksternal mempengaruhi penghindaran pajak? JIMEA | Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, dan Akuntansi), 9(1), 2339–2363.

Setyaningsih, F., Nuryati, T., Rossa, E., & Marinda Machdar, N. (2023). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan capital intensity terhadap tax avoidance. SINOMIKA Journal: Publikasi Ilmiah Bidang Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 2(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v2i1.983

Sulfia, I., & Rusmanto, T. (2024). The role of corporate governance in mitigating tax avoidance. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 13(4), 236–246. https://doi.org/10.22495/jgrv13i4siart2

Tan, & Susilo, A. W. (2023). Analisis pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, dan GCG terhadap tax avoidance dan perbedaan tax avoidance pada perusahaan manufaktur makanan dan minuman di bursa efek ASEAN sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Media Akuntansi Dan Perpajakan Indonesia, 4(2), 143–168. https://doi.org/10.37715/mapi.v4i2.3712

Toumi, F., Bouraoui, M. A., & Khlif, H. (2022). National culture and tax avoidance: A quantile regression analysis. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(2), 196–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-05-2022-0047

Wati, E. M. L., & Astuti, S. (2020). Pengaruh profitabilitas, good corporate governance, dan intensitas modal terhadap penghindaran pajak pada perusahaan pertambangan sektor batu bara di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2018. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi (JIMMBA), 2(4), 641–654. https://doi.org/10.32639/jimmba.v2i4.619

Wiriatmaja, N. U., Wibowo, A. S., Setiawan, R. Y., & Simamora, L. (2025). Profitabilitas dan leverage: Apakah berperan dalam memprediksi tax avoidance? Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 11(1), 58–65.

Zainuddin, & Anfas. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, kepemilikan institusional dan capital intensity terhadap penghindaran pajak di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Journal of Economic, Public, and Accounting (JEPA), 3(2), 85–102. https://doi.org/10.31605/jepa.v3i2.918

Downloads

Published

2025-11-04

How to Cite

Ammara Fayyaz Prasetyo, Retno Indah Hernawati, & Harun Harun. (2025). The Profitability, Capital Intensity, and Leverage, Their Effect on Tax Avoidance. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(1), 92–102. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijems.v1i1.1036