Factors Affecting The Income of Female Traders in The Informal Sector (Case Study: Traders at Amlapura Timur Market, Karangasem Regency)

Authors

  • Nyoman Ari Shita Sukmatari Universitas Udayana
  • Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara Universitas Udayana

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61132/ijema.v2i4.827

Keywords:

Age, Business Location, Capital, Female Traders, Income, Informal Sector, Karangasem, Transportation Costs, Traditional Market, Working Hours

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the income of female traders in the informal sector, specifically at Amlapura Timur Market, Karangasem Regency. The research employs a quantitative associative method using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effects of age, working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs on the income of female traders. Data were collected from 93 respondents using purposive sampling. The results show that age, working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs simultaneously have a significant effect on the income of female traders. Partially, age has a negative effect on income, while working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs have positive effects. This study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by female traders in traditional markets and offers recommendations for gender- and location-based economic empowerment strategies.

 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Afrizal, S., Legiani, WH, & Rahmawati. (2020). The Role of Women in Efforts to Increase Family Economic Resilience in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Untirta Civic Education Journal, 5(2), 149–162.

Aji, AW, & Listyaningrum, SP (2021). The Influence of Business Capital, Business Location, and Information Technology on MSME Income in Bantul Regency. JIAI (Indonesian Accounting Scientific Journal), 6(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.32528/jiai.v6i1.5067

Andhini, NF (2017). Determinants of Informal Sector Female Workers' Income in Baturiti Village, Tabanan Regency. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 53(9), 1689–1699.

Anita Rahayu, NW, & Darsana, IB (2019). The Dual Role of Women Souvenir Traders at Tanah Lot Tabanan Tourist Attraction. E-Journal EP Unud, 8(12), 2989–3019.

Alcacer, J. (2004). Location choices across the value chain: How activity and capability influence collocation. Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 05-013.

Ariesa, Y., Della, Fransiska, P., & Falensia, S. (2020). The Effect of Operating Costs, Trade Payables & Sales on Net Income in the Food & Beverage Company Sector Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the Period 2015-2018. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute - Jorunal, 3, 2686–2699.

Artaman, DMA, Yuliarmi, MN, & Djayastra, i ketut. (2016). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income of Traders at Sukawati Art Market, Gianyar. E-Journal of Economics and Business, Udayana University, 02, 87–105.

Asgary, A., Anjum, M.I., & Azimi, N. (2012). Disaster recovery and business continuity after the 2010 flood in Pakistan: Case of small businesses. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2(1), 46–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2012.08.001

Atkinson, A. B. (2009). Factor shares: The principal problem of political economy. Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 25(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grp007

Ayuningsasi, AAK (2011). Analysis of Traders' Income Before and After the Traditional Market Revitalization Program in Denpasar City. Pyramid, 7(1), 1–12. https://erepo.unud.ac.id/id/eprint/27574

Ballou, R.H. (2004). Business Logistics Management: Planning, Organizing, and Controlling the Supply Chain. Prentice-Hall.

Bonnet F, Joann K, MC (2019). Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture. In ILO Geneva (Issue January). https://www.wiego.org/sites/default/files/migrated/publications/files/Women and Men in the Informal Economy - A Statistical Brief - for web.pdf

BSIP Bali. (2023). Gogo Rice: A Solution to Transform Dry Land into Productive in Karangasem Regency. Bali Agricultural Instrument Standardization Agency. https://bali.bsip.pertanian.go.id/berita/padi-gogo-solusi-merubah-lahan-kering-menjadi-produktif-di-kabupaten-karangasem

Desanti, G., & Ariusni, A. (2021). The Influence of Age, Gender, Working Hours, Employment Status and Education on Labor Income in Padang City. Journal of Economic and Development Studies, 3(4), 17. https://doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v3i4.12377

Dewi, DARH, & Saskara, IAN (2019). ISSN : 2303-0178 The Influence of Work Skills, Working Hours, Length of Business on Income of Mosaic Craft Industry Craftsmen Dewa Ayu Ratih Hismaya Dewi 1 Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University (Unud), Bali, Indonesia INTRODUCTION Development. E-Journal of Development Economics, Udayana University, 8(7), 1473–1501.

Donni, O. (2007). Collective female labor supply: Theory and application. Economic Journal, 117(516), 94–119. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2007.02003.x

Fandy Tjiptono. (2002). Service Management.: Andi. Yogyakarta

Fitriyani, S., Murni, T., & Warsono, S. (2019). Selection of Business Location and Its Influence on the Success of Micro and Small Scale Service Businesses. Management Insight: Scientific Journal of Management, 13(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.33369/insight.13.1.47-58

Galih, A., Wibowo, H., & Sari, M. (2023). The effect of transportation costs and marketing costs on net profit at PT Sinar Andesto Mandiri Logistik. Journal of Management and Business Science, 14(2), 123-134. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388302603_The_Effect_of_Transportation_Costs_And_Marketing_Costs_On_Net_Profit_At_PT_Sinar_Andesto_Mandiri_Logistik

Ghozali, I. (2016). Multivariate Analysis Application with IBM SPSS 21 Program. Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.

Green Network. (2023). Salak Agroforestry in Bali Recognized as Important World Agricultural Heritage. Green Network Indonesia. https://greennetwork.id/kabar/agroforestri-salak-di-bali-diakui-sebagai-warisan-pertanian-penting-dunia/

Handayani M., & Putu Artini, NW (2009). Income Contribution of Housewives Making Processed Food to Family Income. Journal of Population and Human Resource Development, 5(1), 1–9.

Hansen, DR, & Mowen, MM (2007). Managerial Accounting. McGraw-Hill.

Hasni (2021). The effect of operating costs on operating profit at PT. Prima Transportasi. Scientific Journal of Management Accounting, 2(3), 45-52. https://www.jurnal-umbuton.ac.id/index.php/jiam/article/download/253/191/610

Hawary, AH (2023). The Influence of Technology Use on Women Entrepreneurs’ Income in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era: Empirical Evidence from Indonesia Using Sakernas Data. Educationist: Journal of Educatonal an Culture Studies, 2(1), 296–306.

Hormiga, E., Batista-Canino, R.M., & Sánchez-Medina, A. (2011). The Impact of Relational Capital on the Success of New Business Start-Ups. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(4), 617–638. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2011.00339.x

Huda, N., & Ismawardi, D. (2020). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Income of Terubuk Market Traders, Bengkalis Regency. Bertuah Journal of Sharia and Islamic Economics, 1(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.56633/jsie.v1i2.162

Husaini, AF (2017). The Influence of Working Capital, Length of Business, Working Hours and Business Location on Monza's Income in Simalingkar Market, Medan. Visionary & Strategic Journal, 6(2), 111–126. www.kompasiana.com

Iliana, DA, Development, PE, Economy, F., & Jambi, U. (2023). Factors affecting women's income in the informal sector (case study of traders in Muara Bungo Market District). 11(3), 63–76.

Kasmir, 2006. Entrepreneurship. Jakarta. Publisher Raja Grafindo Persada. Kuswantoro, Ferri, 2012. Innovation in Distribution Channel, Cost Efficiency & Firm Performance: The Case of Indonesian Small & Medium Enterprise Scales. International Journal of Business, Humanities and Technology .Vol. 2 No. 4; June 2012.

Kasmir. (2009). Introduction to Financial Management. Jakarta: Kencana

Kenny, G. P., Groeller, H., McGinn, R., & Flouris, A. D. (2016). Age, human performance, and physical employment standards. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 41(6), S92–S107. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0483

Mardiasmo. (2003). Taxation (Revised Edition). Yogyakarta: Andi.

Meliana Ari Santi, PI, & Yasa, IGWM (2023). Analysis of Factors Affecting Income and Contribution of Poor Female Household Workers in Karangasem District. E-Journal of Economics and Business, Udayana University, 12(07), 1280. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2023.v12.i07.p04

Mithaswari, IAD, & Wenagama, IW (2018). Analysis of Factors Affecting Traders' Income at Guwang Art Market. E-Journal of Development Economics, 7(2), 294–323. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/view/37535/23316

Morrissey, T.W., Cha, Y., Wolf, S., & Khan, M. (2020). Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource center with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource center is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information. January.

Muflih, L., & Tirtakusumah, HS (2018). The Influence of Capital, Number of Workers, Education Level, Length of Business and Number of Orders on Income of Garment Businessmen (Case Study at the Suci T-Shirt Industry Center, Bandung City). Doctoral dissertation, Faculty of Economics and Business, Unpas Bandung.

Nia Permatasari, NK, & Djinar Setiawina, N. (2024). Effectiveness and Impact of Traditional Market Revitalization on Traders' Income and Number of Visits. E-Journal of Economics and Business, Udayana University, 13(04), 707. https://doi.org/10.24843/eeb.2024.v13.i04.p06

Nursyamsu, N., Irfan, I., Mangge, IR, & Zainuddin, MA (2020). The Effect of Working Capital and Working Hours on Street Vendors' Income in Kabonena Village. Journal of Islamic Economics and Business, 2(1), 90–105. https://doi.org/10.24239/jiebi.v2i1.25.90-105

Karangasem Regency Government. (2024). Development Potential. Karangasem Regency Government. https://v2.karangasemkab.go.id/index.php/profil/19/Potensi-Pembangunan

Prawirosentono, Suyadi. (2009). Human Resource Management: Employee Performance Policy. 1st Edition. Eighth Printing. Yogyakarta: BPFE.

Polandos, PM, Engka, DS ., & Tolosang, KD (2019). Analysis of the Influence of Capital, Length of Business, and Number of Workers on the Income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in East Langowan District. Scientific Periodical Journal of Efficiency, 19(4), 36–47.

Prihatminingtyas, B. (2019). The Influence of Capital, Length of Business, Working Hours, and Business Location on Traders' Income at Ladungsari Market. 7(2), 147–154.

Pungan, Y. (2016). Analysis of Fertility in Working Women in Palangka Raya City. Journal of Business Communication and Management, 3(6), 79–94.

Purnama Dewi, NPTA (2022). The Influence of Capital, Cooperative Credit, Working Hours, Age, and Business Location on the Income of Kreneng Market Traders in Denpasar City. E-Journal of Development Economics, Udayana University, 11(6), 2393. https://doi.org/10.24843/eep.2022.v11.i06.p13

Putra, IPD, & Sudirman, IW (2015). The Influence of Capital and Labor on Income with Length of Business as a Moderating Variable. E-Journal: Development Economics, 4(9), 1112–1139.

Rahayu, N., & Darsana, I. (2019). The dual role of women souvenir traders at the Tanah Lot Tabanan tourist attraction. E-Journal of Development Economics, Udayana University, 8(12), 2989-3019.

Raheman, A., & Nasr, M. (2007). Working Capital Management and Profitability-case of Pakistani Firms International Review of Business Research Papers Working Capital Management And Profitability. International Review of Business Research Papers, 3(1), 279–300.

Rahmah, R. (2019). The Influence of Socio-Economic Factors on Vegetable Traders' Income in Langsa City. Journal of Accounting Economic Research (JENSI), 3(2), 194-207.

Rantau, K. (2018). The Influence of Age, Working Hours and Number of Dependents on the Productive Economic Income of Poor Household Heads in Subamia Village, Tabanan District. Tabanan: Udayana University.

Rosyidi, Suherman. (2009). Introduction to Economic Theory: Approach to Micro and Macro Economic Theory. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.

Rusmusi, IMP, & Maghfira, AN (2018). The Influence of Capital, Working Hours and Length of Business on Traders' Income at the Mina Restu Ornamental Fish Market, North Purwokerto. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accounting, 20(4).

Saptenno, F. (2022). The influence of age, education, and occupation on poor household income (case study of Negeri Tawiri). Scientific Journal of Economics, 8(01), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.47313/jie.v8i01.6339

Swasta, B. (2008). Strategic Marketing Management. Yogyakarta: BPFE-Yogyakarta.

Septia, MA, Br, A., & Kusuma, H. (2017). The Role of Female Workers in the Batik Home Industry and Their Contribution to Family Income in Mojosari Village, Kauman District, Tulungagung Regency. Journal of Economics, 1, 527–537.

Septiawan, P., Nurjanah, R., & Mustika, C. (2019). Analysis of street vendors' income in Jambi City (case study of street vendors on Jalan Jenderal Basuki Rahmat to H. Agus Salim, Kota Baru District). E-Journal of Resource and Environmental Economics, 8(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.22437/jels.v8i1.11966

Sudirman, IW, & Putra, IPD (2015). The Influence of Capital and Labor on Income with Length of Business as a Moderating Variable. E-Journal of Development Economics, Udayana University, 4(9), 44571.

Sugiyono. (2019). Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Research Methods. Bandung: Alfabeta

Sukirno, S. (2005). Development Economics: Process, Problems, and Policy Basis (Fourth Edition). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.

Sukirno, S. (2016). Development economics: Process, problems, and policy basis (pp. 131-145, second edition). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.

Sutama, IG, & Yuliarmi, NN (2019). The effect of working hours, work experience, and age on income levels in poor households in Negara District, Jembrana Regency. E-Journal of Development Economics, Udayana University, 8(12), 2558-2586. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/view/56687

Suyana Utama, Made. (2009). Textbook of Quantitative Analysis Applications. Denpasar: Faculty of Economics, Udayana University.

Swastha, Basu and Sukotjo. (2008). Modern Marketing Management. Yogyakarta: Liberty

Sweet, J. J., Meyer, D. G., Nelson, N. W., & Moberg, P. J. (2011). The TCN/AACN 2010 salary survey: Professional practices, beliefs, and incomes of US neuropsychologists. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 25(1), 12–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2010.544165

Syahputra, A., Ervina, E., & Melisa, M. (2022). The Influence of Business Capital, Business Location, Marketing Location and Product Quality on MSME Income. Journal of Management and Bussines (JOMB), 4(1), 183–198. https://doi.org/10.31539/jomb.v4i1.3498

Tarigan, R. (2005). Regional Economics: Theory and Application. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Thasya, M., & Muhammad, S. (2017). The Influence of Education, Age and Working Hours of Housewives on Family Income (Case Study: Housewives Working in the Brick Industry in Kajhu Village, Baitussalam District). Scientific Journal of Development Economics Students, Faculty of Economics and Business, Unsyiah, 2(1), 105–115.

Todaro, M. P., & Smith, S. C. (2015). Economic Development (12th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education.

Wahyono, B. (2017). Analysis of Factors Affecting Traders' Income in Bantul Market, Bantul Regency. Journal of Economic Education, 6(4), 388–399. https://journal.student.uny.ac.id/ojs/index.php/ekonomi/article/view/7163

Watung, Mega Putri, Rotinsulu, Debby Ch, & Tumangkeng, Steeva YL (2020). Comparative Analysis of Conventional Motorcycle Taxi and Online Motorcycle Taxi Income in Manado City. Scientific Periodical Journal of Efficiency, 20(03), 126–139.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-25

How to Cite

Nyoman Ari Shita Sukmatari, & Ida Ayu Nyoman Saskara. (2025). Factors Affecting The Income of Female Traders in The Informal Sector (Case Study: Traders at Amlapura Timur Market, Karangasem Regency). International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 2(4), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijema.v2i4.827